Problems with sodium-sulfur batteries

What problems do sodium sulfur batteries face?

Room temperature sodium–sulfur batteries face safety problems caused by the anode sodium dendrites, the insulation problem of the cathode sulfur, the shuttle effect of the intermediate product polysulfide and the loss of active materials caused by its dissolution.

Do sodium-sulfur batteries have problems on the anode?

In addition to the dissolution of polysulfides, sodium-sulfur batteries also have some difficult problems on the anode. Metal sodium is an excellent electrical conductor, and its corrosion resistance and strong reducibility are ideal active materials for the preparation of anodes.

What is a sodium sulfur battery?

The as-developed sodium–sulfur batteries deliver high capacity and long cycling stability. To date, batteries based on alkali metal-ion intercalating cathode and anode materials, such as lithium-ion batteries, have been widely used in modern society from portable electronics to electric vehicles 1.

Can a sodium–sulfur battery operate at ambient temperature?

This review examines research reported in the past decade in the field of the fabrication of batteries based on the sodium–sulfur system, capable of operating at an ambient temperature (room-temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries).

How does sulfur affect a high temperature Na-s battery?

Sulfur in high temperature Na-S batteries usually exhibits one discharge plateau with an incomplete reduction product of Na 2 S n (n ≥ 3), which reduces the specific capacity of sulfur (≤ 558 mAh g −1) and the specific energy of battery.

Are sodium-sulfur batteries suitable for energy storage?

This paper presents a review of the state of technology of sodium-sulfur batteries suitable for application in energy storage requirements such as load leveling; emergency power supplies and uninterruptible power supply. The review focuses on the progress, prospects and challenges of sodium-sulfur batteries operating at high temperature (~ 300 °C).