The first thin-film CdS–CuInSe 2-based solar cell (4–5% PCE) was made in 1976 via CIS evaporation in an excess selenium vapor atmosphere. A few years later, the efficiency was reported to be 11.4% when co-evaporation was used. Around the same time, 3% efficient CIS thin-film homojunction solar cells were developed. In 1981, when 9.4% efficiency …
In general, a thin-film solar cell is fabricated by depositing various functional layers on a flexible substrate via techniques such as vacuum-phase deposition, solution-phase spin-coating, and printing. A flexible substrate provides mechanical support and environmental protection of the whole cell.
The standard for modern c-Si PV production is wafers with a thickness of m. At the same time, a further reduction in the thickness to less than 100 ]. Thus, an attractive alternative appr oach to solar cell production is the cost-effective fabrication of high-quality crystalline Si thin films. of the crystalline material typical of c-Si technology.
They demonstrate that at specific wavelengths, reflection is reduced to 5.3%, and the total conversion efficiency of GaAs solar cells is improved to 28.69%. It is shown that films with a reasonable microstructure can improve the performance of solar cells (Han et al., 2011).
Schematic structure of solar cells comprising various functional materials: a flexible substrate, two electrodes, and an active layer. The direction of light entry to the active layer determines the optical requirement for the substrate and the electrodes. Fig. 3. Reported best efficiencies of solar cells made with various active materials.
Thin-film solar-cell modules are lightweight and flexible as compared with modules built by traditional crystalline silicon cells. Moreover, thin-film cells may be easily molded into various shapes and sizes based on the need of a specific application.
One of the significant drawbacks of thin-film solar cells as compared to mono crystalline modules is their shorter lifetime, though the extent to which this is an issue varies by material with the more established thin-film materials generally having longer lifetimes.
The first thin-film CdS–CuInSe 2-based solar cell (4–5% PCE) was made in 1976 via CIS evaporation in an excess selenium vapor atmosphere. A few years later, the efficiency was reported to be 11.4% when co-evaporation was used. Around the same time, 3% efficient CIS thin-film homojunction solar cells were developed. In 1981, when 9.4% efficiency …
In this study, we present an ideal configuration for maximizing light in-coupling …
This study investigates the application of dielectric composite nanostructures (DCNs) to enhance both antireflection and absorption properties in thin film GaAs solar cells, which are crucial for reducing production costs …
Organic/inorganic metal halide perovskites attract substantial attention as key materials for next-generation photovoltaic technologies due to their potential for low cost, high performance, and ...
In general, a thin-film solar cell is fabricated by depositing various functional layers on a flexible substrate via techniques such as vacuum-phase deposition, solution-phase spin-coating, and printing. A flexible substrate provides mechanical support and environmental protection of the whole cell. Two electrodes collect photoelectric charge ...
Kesterite Cu 2 ZnSn (S, Se) 4 (copper-zinc-tin- (sulfur, selenium) or CZTS (Se)) is considered one of the most promising, earth-abundant, and nontoxic candidates for solar energy generation over the last decade.
Kesterite Cu 2 ZnSn (S, Se) 4 (copper-zinc-tin- (sulfur, selenium) or CZTS (Se)) is considered …
This work''s objective is to demonstrate the use of PLD as a single deposition method for the fabrication of the buffer and window layers of CIGS-based solar cells, i.e., the CdS buffer layer and the i-ZnO/ZnO:Al window bilayer. PLD is a …
In this study, we present an ideal configuration for maximizing light in-coupling into a standard textured crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell by determining the optimal Al nanoparticle and anti-reflection coating (ARC) parameters. The best-case parameters increase the number of photons absorbed by up to 3.3%.
The photovoltaic performance of CZTS film solar cells grown via …
Thin-film solar cells are a type of solar cell made by depositing one or more thin layers (thin films or TFs) of photovoltaic material onto a substrate, such as glass, plastic or metal.
Here, we discovered a low-cost self-assembled monolayer (SAM) hole-selective transport material known as 2PACz ([2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid) with phosphate groups to form c-Si solar cells for the …
Here, we discovered a low-cost self-assembled monolayer (SAM) hole-selective transport material known as 2PACz ([2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid) with phosphate groups to form c-Si solar cells for the first time. The ultrathin film of 2PACz with phosphate groups can establish strong and stable P–O–Si bonds on the silicon surface ...
The PCE of solar cells with AR layer prepared by vibration-assisted nanoimprint is measured to verify the reduction of incident light loss. In this paper, an anti-reflection grating film is transferred onto the top surface of Si solar cells.
The layer-by-layer (LbL) strategy exhibits unique advantages of combining the merits of high photo-absorption rate, suitable vertical phase separation, and good practicability, endowing the LbL-bladed devices with a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.35% compared to the bulk heterojunction (BHJ)-bladed device (15.37%). Importantly, this LbL …
This study investigates the application of dielectric composite nanostructures (DCNs) to enhance both antireflection and absorption properties in thin film GaAs solar cells, which are crucial for reducing production costs and improving energy conversion efficiency in photovoltaic devices. Building upon previous experimental validations, this ...
In the current market, there is a handful of thin-film solar cells that are available or going through different research stages. Among these materials, they are amorphous silicon thin film, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenium, copper indium gallium selenium, gallium arsenide, and copper-zinc tin sulfur, or CZTS [7, 8].These cells have achieved different …
Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)-based solar cells have received worldwide attention for solar power generation. CIGS solar cells based on chalcopyrite quaternary semiconductor CuIn 1-x GaxSe 2 are one of the leading thin-film photovoltaic technologies owing to highly beneficial properties of its absorber, such as tuneable direct band gap (1.0–1.7 eV), …
This work''s objective is to demonstrate the use of PLD as a single …
The last decade has seen the incredible development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, with the reported highest certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) approaching 26% 9 based ...
The electron transfer layer (ETL) plays a vital role in achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is primarily utilised as the ETL since it is low-cost, chemically stable, and has the simplest thin-film preparation methods. However, TiO2 is not an ideal ETL because it leads to low conductivity, conduction band …
The photovoltaic performance of CZTS film solar cells grown via electrodeposition and sulfurization was investigated using citrate (acidic electrolyte) or potassium pyrophosphate (alkaline electrolyte)-based electrolytes to investigate the influence of deposition on the final layer quality.
In general, a thin-film solar cell is fabricated by depositing various functional …
This article reviews the development status of high-efficiency c-Si heterojunction solar cells, from the materials to devices, mainly including hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) based ...
This article reviews the development status of high-efficiency c-Si heterojunction solar cells, from the materials to devices, mainly including hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) based ...
Charge-transport-layer-free perovskite solar cells (TL-free PSCs) are promising candidates for advanced photovoltaic technologies because of their facile fabrication and low-cost potential. Although the efficiency of TL …
A solar cell functions similarly to a junction diode, but its construction differs slightly from typical p-n junction diodes.A very thin layer of p-type semiconductor is grown on a relatively thicker n-type semiconductor.We then apply a few finer electrodes on the top of the p-type semiconductor layer.. These electrodes do not obstruct light to reach the thin p-type layer.
Self-assembled monolayers as emerging hole-selective layers enable high-performance thin-film solar cells. Mingliang Li 1,2 ∙ Yunfei Xie 1 ∙ Francis R. Lin 2 ∙ Ziwei Li 1 [email protected] ∙ Shuang Yang 3 ∙ Alex K.- Y. Jen 2 [email protected] 1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China. 2 Department …
The PCE of solar cells with AR layer prepared by vibration-assisted …
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